人工智能如何改变企业对劳动力的需求？——来自招聘平台大数据的分析

Abstract

Using a novel big dataset on enterprises' recruitment information of online vacancies, this paper investigates how firms' Artificial Intelligence (AI) exposure impacts their labor demand at the subdivided occupational level. Our findings reveal that while AI reduces the demand for labor in routine occupations, it significantly increases the demand for non-routine roles, particularly in cognitive-oriented professions such as management and technology. The employment creation effect of AI is evident not only in terms of magnitude, with an increase in the number of positions in existing non-routine occupations, but also in scope, as AI broadens the range of non-routine job types and categories and fosters the emergence of new professions and roles. In terms of wages, enterprises and occupations with higher AI exposure show elevated average salary levels and a greater wage premium. This paper highlights the importance of focusing on the job-creation potential of AI and advocates for a multi-faceted approach to guide AI towards fostering the development of new professions and job opportunities.