With the deepening of the campaign to prevent and resolve financial risks, China's regulatory oversight over the banking and financial sectors has intensified. Since March 2018, the integration of regulatory responsibilities between the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission established the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC). National banking institutions have since been supervised by CBIRC. For non-compliant and illegal practices in the banking sector, CBIRC may impose administrative penalties in accordance with laws and regulations, with results published on its official website. These disclosures reveal key focus areas and enforcement intensity of banking supervision, while allowing analysis of bank risks and corresponding risk control mechanisms through penalty records across regions and institutions. Consequently, such data has become crucial for studying banking risks and regulatory practices.
Administrative penalties are issued based on six major laws and regulations:
- Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China
- Securities Law of the People's Republic of China
- Banking Supervision and Administration Law of the People's Republic of China
- Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Foreign-funded Banks
- Commercial Bank Law of the People's Republic of China
- Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China
along with numerous other regulatory documents and normative guidelines.
This dataset comprehensively covers all contents from CBIRC's administrative penalty decisions, including penalized institutions and legal entities, case details, legal basis, penalty decisions, issuing authorities, and penalty dates. It further integrates geographic coordinates (longitude and latitude) of penalized banks to facilitate spatial analysis. Notably, this dataset exclusively contains CBIRC's administrative penalty information against banking institutions, excluding penalties targeting individuals.
Time Coverage
2004 to 2020
Field Description
Sample Data
Related Literature
- Bian, W., Shen, Y., & Shen, M. (2017). Banking Competition, Policy Incentives, and SME Lending: Evidence from Financial Institutions in 90 Counties Across 14 Provinces. Journal of Financial Research (1).
- Cai, J., & Dong, Y. (2016). Banking Competition and Enterprise Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Industrial Enterprises. Journal of Financial Research (11).
- Fang, F., & Cai, W. (2016). Banking Competition and Enterprise Growth: Empirical Evidence from Industrial Enterprises. Management World (7).
- Yin, Z., Qian, L., & Wu, Y. (2015). Bank-Enterprise Relationships, Banking Competition, and SME Financing Costs. Journal of Financial Research (1).
Data Update Frequency
Annual updates