Population migration serves as a critical window for examining regional economic development, public service levels, urban governance capabilities, and social structural changes.
CnOpenData has constructed a comprehensive, multi-year, and multi-dimensional migration indicator system covering the entire nation. The data comprises three main modules: migration inflow source information, migration outflow destination information, and intra-city travel intensity information. Not only does it provide aggregate trends at provincial and municipal geographic granularities, but more importantly, it offers daily migration flow details between cities and between provinces, forming a complete directed weighted migration matrix. This dataset covers 31 provinces and 367 prefecture-level and above cities in China, with a time span from 2019 to the present. It provides high-quality spatial interaction data support for regional economic analysis, urban network research, transportation planning, pandemic response evaluation, and quantitative investment strategy development.
Data Features:
- Nationwide Coverage with Fine Geographic Granularity: Covers 31 provinces and 367 prefecture-level and above cities, with migration data refined to the prefecture-level city level, supporting multi-level spatial analysis.
- Complete Spatial Interaction Network Data: The core advantage lies in providing daily migration flows between cities and between provinces, rather than merely aggregated indicators. Users can directly utilize detailed tables to construct directed weighted migration networks, where nodes represent cities/provinces, edges represent the proportion of migrating population, and weights reflect flow intensity.
- Long Time Series with Multiple Version Coverage: The data covers key periods from 2019 to 2026, including typical migration cycles such as the Spring Festival, National Day, pandemic lockdowns, and work resumption.
- High-Frequency Information Closely Aligned with Reality: The data provides daily frequency information, enabling real-time reflection of dynamic changes in population movement, suitable for high-frequency economic monitoring and policy evaluation scenarios.
Data Application Value:
- Urban Network and Regional Correlation Research: Utilizing daily inter-city migration flows, dynamic urban networks can be constructed to analyze the strength of internal connections within city clusters, the radiation scope of central cities, and inter-provincial boundary effects. Supports the calculation of network analysis indicators (e.g., degree centrality, betweenness centrality, community detection), revealing the spatial structure of population movement and its evolutionary patterns.
- Quantitative Investment: Constructing Regional Linkage Factors and High-Frequency Economic Indicators: Can be used to analyze the impact of population movement on regional economic growth, housing prices, employment, consumption, and other variables. Supports cutting-edge topics such as pandemic transmission modeling, transportation network resilience, and urban attractiveness.
- Government and Public Institutions: Supporting Urban Governance, Emergency Response, and Resource Allocation: Real-time monitoring of population inflow and outflow assists in transportation scheduling during the Spring Festival and holidays. During pandemics, it can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of lockdown measures and predict medical resource pressure.
The CnOpenData Population Migration Big Data features daily migration flows between cities and provinces as its core characteristic, constructing spatial interaction data that comprehensively reflects China's population movement patterns. Whether for regional network analysis and public policy evaluation in academic research or for constructing regional linkage factors in quantitative investment, this dataset provides dynamic, detailed, and traceable foundational support. We look forward to collaborating with users from all sectors to explore the economic and social value behind population movement.
Revision Notes
Field Display
Migration Inflow Source Information Module by Region
Migration Outflow Destination Information Module by Region
Intra-city Travel Intensity Information Module by City
Sample Data
Aggregate Trend of Migration Inflow Source Cities
Aggregate Trend of Migration Inflow Source Provinces
Detailed Migration Inflow Source Cities
Detailed Migration Inflow Source Provinces
Aggregate Trend of Migration Outflow Destination Cities
Aggregate Trend of Migration Outflow Destination Provinces
Detailed Migration Outflow Destination Cities
Detailed Migration Outflow Destination Provinces
Intra-city Travel Intensity Information by City
Related Literature
- ZHANG Tongbin, WANG Lei, 2024: "Policy Signals and Long-term Settlement Intentions of Migrant Population," The World Economy, No. 7.
Data Update Frequency
Annual updates