&This database system collects environmental administrative penalty records against Chinese enterprises legally disclosed by ecological environment authorities at all levels, covering enterprise violation penalty information across all provinces, municipalities, and districts/counties nationwide. The database includes over twenty fields such as disclosure date, name of penalized party, region, penalty type, penalty outcome, fine amount, violation type, violation content, handling agency, relevant regulations, and industry classification, comprehensively reflecting enterprises' environmental compliance performance and regulatory dynamics. The data is updated annually, suitable for long-term trend analysis and cross-regional comparative research.
Data Characteristics:
- Comprehensive Coverage with Strong Geographic Penetration: Data covers 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities nationwide, detailing down to city, district/county administrative levels, supporting multi-level geographic analysis and regional comparative studies.
- High Structuralization Level Facilitating Deep Mining: Beyond basic penalty information, it includes four-tier industry classification (sector, major category, medium category, minor category), along with violation types, violation matters, relevant regulations, enabling industry compliance profiling and policy impact assessment.
- Temporal and Institutional Dimensions Supporting Dynamic Tracking: "Disclosure date" and "penalty date" allow users to track temporal characteristics of penalty enforcement and information disclosure; the "handling agency" field facilitates analysis of enforcement preferences and intensity across regulatory bodies.
Data Application Value:
- Academic Research Support: Suitable for environmental policy evaluation, corporate environmental behavior-economic performance correlation studies, environmental justice-administrative enforcement comparisons, providing high-quality panel data for empirical analysis.
- Government and Regulatory Reference: Useful for monitoring regional environmental enforcement intensity, identifying high-frequency violation industries and behaviors, evaluating policy implementation effectiveness, supporting environmental target-setting and enforcement resource allocation.
- Corporate Compliance and Risk Management: Enterprises can conduct self-checks against industry-specific high-frequency violations to identify potential compliance risks; investors and partners can utilize this data to assess target companies' environmental responsibility fulfillment.
- Green Finance and ESG Investment: Provides financial institutions and rating agencies with corporate environmental penalty records, serving as a critical data source for ESG ratings, green credit approvals, and investment risk control.
The CnOpenData Chinese Enterprise Environmental Administrative Penalty Database is compiled from publicly disclosed information by ecological environment authorities at all levels, offering high authority and completeness. This repository not only provides researchers a micro-level window into China's environmental governance and corporate environmental conduct, but also offers a solid data foundation for government, enterprises, and financial institutions to conduct environmental risk management and decision-making. We believe this database will play an active role in promoting environmental compliance awareness and facilitating green development with sustainable investment.
Time Range
2000-2024 (updatable as needed)
Data Scale
Field Display
Sample Data
Relevant Literature
- Kong, Dongmin and Liu, Chenhao, 2023, "Centralization and Regulatory Enforcement: Evidence from Personnel Authority Reform in China ", Journal of Public Economics, forthcoming.
- Ke Shaojing, Ma Ouyang, Xu Nianxing, 2023: "Research on Spillover Effects of Competitors' Environmental Penalties: From the Perspective of Corporate Green Innovation", Journal of Management Sciences in China, No. 6.
Data Update Frequency
Annual updates