Government procurement refers to the purchasing activities conducted by governments at all levels to carry out daily administrative operations or provide public services. Under fiscal supervision and through legal methods and procedures, this process involves open tendering, fair competition, and direct payment to suppliers from domestic and international markets for goods, engineering projects, and services. Its essence lies in the organic integration of market competition mechanisms and fiscal expenditure management, characterized by legalized governance of procurement activities. Primary procurement methods include open tendering, limited competitive procurement, and competitive negotiation.
The Government Procurement Law of the People's Republic of China was adopted at the 28th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on June 29, 2002, and came into effect on January 1, 2003. On August 31, 2014, the Decision of the 10th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress on Revising Five Laws Including the Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China amended the Government Procurement Law.
Starting September 1, 2017, in addition to disclosing qualification review information on the China Government Procurement Portal and its regional sub-portals, specific transaction records must be made public. This includes transaction details from electronic marketplaces, e-commerce platforms, and online supermarkets.
Current academic research on government procurement remains insufficient, partly due to the difficulty in obtaining procurement data. To address this, the CnOpenData team has launched government procurement datasets containing key fields such as contract value (合同金额), region (所属地域), supplier (供应方), procurer (采购方), industry classification (所属行业), as well as item quantity (标的数量) and unit price (单价), aiming to provide high-quality data resources for related studies.
Prior to July 1, 2020, primary data fields included project name (项目名称), project ID (项目编号), contract value (合同金额), procurer (采购人), supplier (供应商), and date fields. Post-July 2020, additional fields were introduced: addresses and contact information of procurers and suppliers (采购人/供应商地址, 联系方式), procurement methods (采购方式), and detailed item specifications. Field comparisons before and after optimization are shown in the "Field Display" section, while annual data volume trends are presented under "Data Scale".
Time Coverage
2002-2023.12.31
Field Display
Data Scale
Sample Data
Government Procurement Data (Pre-July 2020)
Government Procurement Data (Post-July 2020)
Related Literature
- Huang Jicheng & Zhu Guangshun, 2023: "The Chinese Model of Green Development: Government Procurement and Corporate Green Innovation," The World Economy 11.
- Sun Wei & Ye Chusheng, 2023: "How Government Procurement Drives Enterprise Innovation: On the Synergy Between Demand-Side 'Pull' and Supply-Side 'Push' Policies," China Industrial Economics 1.
- Dou Chao, Wang Qiaowan & Chen Xiao, 2020: "Can Government-Background Client Relationships Alleviate Financing Constraints for Private Enterprises?" Journal of Finance and Economics 11.
- Zhang Qinlin & Shen Hongtao, 2020: "Can Major Government Clients Enhance Enterprise Total Factor Productivity?" Journal of Finance and Economics 11.
- Dou Chao, Yuan Man & Chen Xiao, 2020: "Major Government Clients and Audit Fees: A Supply Chain Risk Transmission Perspective," Accounting Research 03.
- Yuan Man, Dou Chao & Xue Jian, 2019: "Spring River's Warmth Ducks Foreknow: Can Analysts Decipher State Sector Procurement?" China Accounting Review 02.
- Liu Jinghuan, Zhang Xiao & Wang Baoshun, 2013: "Research on Economic Functions of Government Procurement Policies in China," Public Finance Research 2.
- Martin Beraja, David Y. Yang and Noam Yuchtman, 2022, "Data-intensive Innovation and the State: Evidence from AI Firms in China", The Review of Economic Studies.
- Cohen, Daniel A., Li, Bin. 2020. “Customer-Base Concentration, Investment, and Profitability: The U.S. Government as a Major Customer.” The Accounting Review, 95(1): 101-131.
Update Frequency
Annual Update