Green and low-carbon technologies primarily encompass technologies that achieve carbon reduction, zero-carbon, and negative carbon effects through clean utilization of traditional energy sources, energy conservation and efficiency improvement, new energy utilization, and greenhouse gas capture, utilization, and storage. These do not include pollution reduction or resource recycling technologies that merely exhibit carbon reduction synergies. Green and low-carbon technology patents refer to patents where the invention theme focuses on green and low-carbon technologies, which should demonstrate technical effects in reducing carbon emissions compared to existing technologies.
This classification system adopts a hierarchical structure, dividing green and low-carbon technologies into four levels of technical branches. The first-level branches include fossil energy decarbonization technologies, energy conservation and energy recovery, clean energy, energy storage technologies, and greenhouse gas capture, utilization, and storage, totaling 5 categories. These further expand into 19 second-level branches, 56 third-level branches, and 62 fourth-level branches, forming a comprehensive system of 142 technical categories. The framework aligns with the International Patent Classification (IPC) system and incorporates references from the World Intellectual Property Organization's Green Technology Inventory and Japan's Green Transformation Technology List, ensuring international comparability. This structure supports the construction of a global green and low-carbon technology database and facilitates international exchange and transfer of related patents.
The regional statistical data on China's green and low-carbon patents, developed by the CnOpenData team, is based on the International Patent Classification system. It covers published invention patents, authorized invention patents, and utility model patents, with separate statistical tables for provincial-level and city-level distributions. The dataset spans 31 provinces/municipalities and over 350 prefecture-level cities.
Time Coverage
1985-2024
Data Description
- This classification system establishes a mapping relationship between green and low-carbon technologies and the International Patent Classification (IPC). Each green and low-carbon technology corresponds to one or multiple IPC codes, indicating the relevance of patents under these classifications.
- In the "IPC" column, "partially related" denotes that only some patents under the specified IPC classification (and its subclasses) involve green and low-carbon technologies, while "fully related" indicates all patents under the classification are relevant.
- The classification references the International Patent Classification Table (IPC2022).
- Low-carbon encompasses fossil energy decarbonization technologies + energy conservation and energy recovery; Zero-carbon includes clean energy + energy storage technologies; Negative-carbon refers to greenhouse gas capture, utilization, and storage.
Field Display
Sample Data
Green and Low-Carbon Published Invention Patent Citation Table
Green and Low-Carbon Published Invention Patent Cited-by Table
Green and Low-Carbon Authorized Invention Patent Citation Table
Green and Low-Carbon Authorized Invention Patent Cited-by Table
Green and Low-Carbon Utility Model Patent Citation Table
Green and Low-Carbon Utility Model Patent Cited-by Table
Related Literature
- Xu Jia & Cui Jingbo, 2020: "Low-Carbon Cities and Corporate Green Technology Innovation," China Industrial Economics, No. 12.
Data Update Frequency
Annual updates