&The term PPP stands for "Public-Private Partnership", which refers to a collaborative relationship formed between government and private organizations through concession agreements. This partnership aims to develop urban infrastructure projects or provide public goods and services. By signing contracts to clarify rights and obligations, all parties ensure smooth cooperation, ultimately achieving mutually beneficial outcomes that surpass what could be attained through individual efforts.

  China concluded its planned economy system in 1992 and established the goal of building a socialist market economy. The PPP model not only attracts social capital but also facilitates the formation of a competitive market. It enables experienced and capable professional institutions to undertake projects, combining the reliability of government public resources with the expertise of private capital. This approach emphasizes risk-sharing and benefit-sharing, allowing market competition to determine project contractors while the government acts as a regulator and rule-maker to leverage the strengths of all stakeholders.

  The PPP project data developed by CnOpenData constitutes urban infrastructure project data based on government-enterprise collaboration, covering comprehensive information from basic project details to preparation, procurement, and execution phases. Some tables at each stage contain material file contents, primarily displayed using file names.

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Time Coverage

As of October 2020

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Field Display

Basic Information Fields

Preparation Phase Fields

Procurement Phase Fields

Execution Phase Fields

Note: Annual operation status and performance compliance tables for social capital/project companies contain only one row of data

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Sample Data

Basic Information Table

Preparation Phase Information Table

Qualitative Value-for-Money Assessment

Fiscal Affordability Analysis

Preparation Phase Text Files

Note: The table names below correspond to sample data fields but differ in content. Samples only display formats.

Sample Display of Preparation Phase Text Files

Procurement Phase Information Table

Procurement Phase Text Files

Note: The table names below correspond to sample data fields but differ in content. Samples only display formats.

Sample Display of Procurement Phase Text Files

Execution Phase Information Table

Shareholder Capital Commitment

Project Construction Progress

Project Quality Compliance Inspection

Project Cost Compliance Inspection

Annual Operation Status and Performance Compliance of Social Capital/Project Company

Note: This table contains only one row of data

Financing Quota, Key Terms, and Delivery Status

Execution Phase Text Files

Note: The table names below correspond to sample data fields but differ in content. Samples only display formats.

Sample Display of Execution Phase Text Files

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Relevant Literature

• Sun Mouxuan and Zhu Fangwei, 2022, "Conflict Between Public-Private Institutional Logics and Cooperative Behavior of Social Capital in PPP Projects", Nankai Business Review.
• Zhang Muyang, Lu Xiaoqin, and Wang Feng, 2019, "Can Local Governments Bear the Fiscal Expenditure Responsibilities of PPP Projects? Analysis Based on PPP Projects from 2010 to 2018", Public Finance Research 8.
• Gong Qiang, Zhang Yilin, and Lei Liheng, 2019, "Public-Private Partnership (PPP): A Theory of Public Goods Burden from the Perspective of Incomplete Contracts", Economic Research Journal 4.
• Eva I. Hoppe and Patrick W. Schmitz, 2013, "Public-private partnerships versus traditional procurement: Innovation incentives and information gathering", The RAND Journal of Economics.

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Data Update Frequency

Annual updates